Understanding Language Testing

In the twentieth Heidi Heckelbeck adventure, Heidi gets in some magic puppy trouble!When Heidi stumbles across a lost puppy at the park, she promises to find the cute critter’s family. Along with Bruce and Lucy, Heidi tries her hardest to solve this mystery. They check the local dog park, visit the vet’s office, and even hang up Found Puppy posters, but they can’t find the owners anywhere. So Heidi decides to use just a teensy-weensy pinch of magic that sets off a mega-gigantic case of magic puppy trouble. Maybe this is why witches only have cats for pets?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost every page, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

Hi! I’m Daisy Dreamer and my totally true imaginary friend Posey invited me to his amazing world of make believe! Oh, and you’re totally invited, too!Remember me? Daisy Dreamer? Of course you do, silly! And you remember my totally true imaginary friend, Posey, too. Obviously! But did you know that Posey comes from a totally true imaginary world! You won’t believe the things that live there, like sparkle fairies, pretty pixies, ghosts, and cloud critters, just to name a few. And guess what! They all have a story to tell. And guess who’s going to tell it. Yep, that’s right. Me, Daisy Dreamer, the girl with her head in the clouds.With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost every page, the Daisy Dreamer chapter books are perfect for emerging readers.

A New York Public Library Best Books for Kids 2017 SelectionA Mighty Girl Book of the YearIllinois Monarch Award Nominee 2018-2019Florida SSYRA Book Award Nominee 2018-2019Washington OTTER Award Nominee 2018-2019With magical animals, science, mystery, and adventure -- the brand new series Zoey and Sassafras has something for everyone! Easy-to-read language and illustrations on nearly every page make this series perfect for a wide range of ages.In the first book of this series, Zoey discovers a glowing photo and learns an amazing secret. Injured magical animals come to their backyard barn for help! When a sick baby dragon appears, it’s up to Zoey and Sassafras to figure out what’s wrong. Will they be able to help little Marshmallow before it’s too late?

In the nineteenth Heidi Heckelbeck adventure, Heidi looks for the perfect sport to play.It’s time to sign up for sports at school and Heidi is excited (and a little nervous) to find the perfect fit. Lucy is great at soccer. Bruce is great at baseball. Heidi, well, the only thing she’s great at is being awful at every sport she plays! Can Heidi shake off her slump with a little magic or will Melanie’s teasing make her throw in the towel for good?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost every page, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

New edition of the successful communication-focused course that builds young adult and adult learners‘ confidence to use English and communicate in everyday situations.Breakthrough Plus 2nd edition contains up-to-date content, a fresh design, and a digital version of the Student's Book. This new edition is a truly blended, flexible, content-rich course, which covers high-interest themes in a thorough but accessible way.● NEW: Student's Resource Center, and page-faithful Digital Student's Book with integrated audio and video, extra practice, and over 150 interactive activities with score reports● NEW: Additional video material, including conversations, interactive real life exchanges, and interviews with viewing skills tasks● NEW: Presentation skills with practical guidance on how to present successfully in English● Broad, international, cross-cultural themes● Authentic natural language presented and practiced through clear, contextualized, and achievable tasks● Genuine flexibility and fo

Throughout history, there has been an intrinsic need for humans to detect deception in other humans. Developed in 1923, the polygraph machine was a tool designed to do just this. To date, there have b

In the eighteenth Heidi Heckelbeck adventure, Heidi is stuck between her two best friends who have turned into two worst enemies. And she’ll need more than a little magic to bring them back together!Heidi learns that words can hurt when an embarrassing rumor about Lucy spreads at school. What’s worse is that Lucy thinks Bruce is behind it—and she’s ready to spill some of his secrets for revenge. Stuck between her two best friends, can Heidi find a way to bring everyone back together before the trio splits up forever?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost ever page of this extra-long story, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

In this first Heidi Heckelbeck super special, Heidi makes a drastic wish—but once it comes true, she finds it may not be the answer to all of her problems.When another magical spell goes wrong, Heidi makes a powerful wish: “Sometimes I wish I wasn’t a witch!” But when Heidi’s wish comes true, she has to figure out a way to get her magic back, while also helping her friends solve a few problems of their own. Only this time, she’ll have to help without casting a spell. Will Heidi realize just how special her magic is?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost ever page of this extra-long story, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

Now in board book format, this lyrical animal ABC book is just right for bedtime--or anytime!From antlered antelope to zzz-ing zebra, all the awake animals are getting sleepy in this abridged board book edition of a favorite bedtime alphabet book, from an acclaimed author and bestselling illustrator. This exquisite celebration of language and nature is perfect for lulling little ones into a cozy, soothing slumber.

Heidi Heckelbeck wants to prove she can make it in the babysitting business, but she’ll need a little magic and a lot of help from her friends!Heidi Heckelbeck is eager to start babysitting, but her mom doesn’t think she’s old enough yet. To prove she’s ready to be responsible, Heidi teams up with Laurel and Bruce to create a spectacular booth—called the “Little Explorers Museum”—for the Brewster Elementary fair. It’s going to be an exciting exhibit of fabulous art projects, nifty science experiments…and babysitting! But when Heidi worries that her babysitting station won’t attract enough visitors, will her Book of Spells help her find a magical solution?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost ever page, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

With bright illustrations and clear, kid-friendly language, this book introduces one of the most basic geometric shapes to young readers. Formed of three sides and three angles, triangles are everywhere—especially on the pages of this book, where two kids and their robot friend assemble a brand-new bot from different types and sizes of triangles. This title defines important geometry vocabulary in simple, accessible terms, reinforcing the text with illustrations of the different types of and relationships between triangles. Activities on identifying, measuring, and comparing angles help readers understand these important ideas. Drawing on his years of experience teaching math, David Adler's text thoroughly introduces fundamental mathematical concepts. Colorfully illustrated by nonfiction veteran Ed Miller, this book is perfect for readers just beginning to study shapes and geometry.

Spectrum(R) Writing for grade 6 guides students through each step of the writing process as they write paragraphs, personal narratives, fiction stories, descriptive comparisons, outlines, research reports, persuasive arguments, and more. Spectrum(R) Writing workbooks guide students as they write for a variety of purposes, including writing to tell a story, writing to provide information, and writing to state an opinion. Lessons support current state standards. Step-by-step instructions help with planning, drafting, revising, proofreading, and sharing writing. A Writer’s Handbook reinforces grammar and language skills, and a complete Answer Key is included. Engaging, open-ended writing projects combined with standards-based learning make these workbooks an essential resource for school success. Spectrum, the best-selling workbook series, is proud to provide quality educational materials that support your students’ learning achievement and success.

Spectrum(R) Writing for grade 2 guides students through each step of the writing process as they write sentences, personal stories, fiction stories, descriptions, comparisons, how-to instructions, reports, opinions, and more. Spectrum(R) Writing workbooks guide students as they write for a variety of purposes, including writing to tell a story, writing to provide information, and writing to state an opinion. Lessons support current state standards. Step-by-step instructions help with planning, drafting, revising, proofreading, and sharing writing. A Writer’s Handbook reinforces grammar and language skills, and a complete Answer Key is included. Engaging, open-ended writing projects combined with standards-based learning make these workbooks an essential resource for school success. Spectrum, the best-selling workbook series, is proud to provide quality educational materials that support your students’ learning achievement and success.

Spectrum(R) Writing for grade 3 guides students through each step of the writing process as they write paragraphs, personal narratives, fiction stories, descriptive comparisons, news reports, how-to instructions, persuasive letters, and more. Spectrum(R) Writing workbooks guide students as they write for a variety of purposes, including writing to tell a story, writing to provide information, and writing to state an opinion. Lessons support current state standards. Step-by-step instructions help with planning, drafting, revising, proofreading, and sharing writing. A Writer’s Handbook reinforces grammar and language skills, and a complete Answer Key is included. Engaging, open-ended writing projects combined with standards-based learning make these workbooks an essential resource for school success. Spectrum, the best-selling workbook series, is proud to provide quality educational materials that support your students’ learning achievement and success.

The go-to program for developing a sound grasp of NorwegianComplete Norwegian with Two Audio CDs provides a clear and comprehensive approach to Norwegian, designed for anyone who wants reach an intermediate level in all four skills—reading, writing, listening and speaking.This unique program allows you to master Norwegian at your own pace through authentic conversations, detailed language and grammar explanations, and extensive practice and review. You will learn what you want to say and when to say it—everything from giving opinions to planning events. With our interactive Discovery Method, you will absorb language rules faster, remember what you learn more easily, and put your Norwegian into use with confidence.Includes tips to help with pronunciation and grammar Comprehensive program to reading, writing, listening and speaking, providing guidance from beginner through intermediate levelAudio CDs contain numerous audio dialogues that provide practical communication models

A new theory is taking hold in neuroscience. It is the theory that the brain is essentially a hypothesis-testing mechanism, one that attempts to minimise the error of its predictions about the sensory input it receives from the world. It is an attractive theory because powerful theoretical arguments support it, and yet it is at heart stunningly simple. Jakob Hohwy explains and explores this theory from the perspective of cognitive science and philosophy. The key argument throughout The Predictive Mind is that the mechanism explains the rich, deep, and multifaceted character of our conscious perception. It also gives a unified account of how perception is sculpted by attention, and how it depends on action. The mind is revealed as having a fragile and indirect relation to the world. Though we are deeply in tune with the world we are also strangely distanced from it.The first part of the book sets out how the theory enables rich, layered perception. The theory's probabilistic and statist

These workbooks are designed to help students express themselves through written language, both inside and outside the classroom. By studying writing samples and practicing different styles, young writers will build the ability to complete any writing projects with confidence.Harcourt Family Learning Workbooks are a comprehensive line of workbook developed through a partnership with Harcourt, a leading educational publisher. Based on national teaching standards, these workbooks provide complete practice in math, reading, and other key subject areas.

Heidi brings home the class bunny over Easter weekend—and finds herself in a magical, colorful mess!Easter is just a few days away and Heidi Heckelbeck can’t wait! The holiday weekend is even more special because it’s Heidi’s turn to take home Maggie, the school’s bunny. But when Heidi takes Maggie out of her cage, trouble follows. Maggie escapes from Heidi’s arms and runs through all of the Easter egg dye! Will Heidi figure out how to un-tie-dye the colorful bunny before she has to take her back to school?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost every page, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

適合程度：Pre-intermediate to Upper-intermediate科技大學、大學大一及大二英語課程級數：2 levels (CEF from A1 to B2)連結測驗：TOEIC、TOEFL、GEPT、IELTS、BULATS 第二版Ready to Go提供 (1)全新、活潑版面，利用圖片讓學生充分理解職場情境。 (2)更多元的聽力練習與課堂活動，刺激學生學習動機與培養獨立思考能力。 (3)附錄增加文法單元，教師教學可彈性運用。 以EIL( English as an International Language)為主要教材架構，提供多樣職場情境介紹搭配紮實的相關語言訓練，訓練學生活用英文，提升職場競爭力。 每冊介紹12個職場主題，如找工作、職場社交、商務旅行等等實用主題，統整學生的工作領域常識和相關的語言學習(相關文章閱讀、商業書信練習、基本文法複習、會話、聽力練習) 將1500～3000常用重要字彙以情境主題方式融入學習課程，幫助學生有效地準備TOEIC、BULATS、GEPT等等的相關英語檢定測驗。 Ready to Go is a course book in English as an International Language (EIL). Packed with authentic examples of workplace English, Ready to Go introduces students to a variety of workplace situations and the language used in these situations, helping students develop the tools they need to communicate successfully. Ready to Go Book includes: 1. A 150-300 words main reading text in each unit 2. A variety of listening and reading samples based on authentic materials and typical of the most common workplace situation

適合程度：Pre-intermediate to Upper-intermediate科技大學、大學大一及大二英語課程級數：2 levels (CEF from A1 to B2)連結測驗：TOEIC、TOEFL、GEPT、IELTS、BULATS 第二版Ready to Go提供 (1)全新、活潑版面，利用圖片讓學生充分理解職場情境。 (2)更多元的聽力練習與課堂活動，刺激學生學習動機與培養獨立思考能力。 (3)附錄增加文法單元，教師教學可彈性運用。 以EIL( English as an International Language)為主要教材架構，提供多樣職場情境介紹搭配紮實的相關語言訓練，訓練學生活用英文，提升職場競爭力。 每冊介紹12個職場主題，如找工作、職場社交、商務旅行等等實用主題，統整學生的工作領域常識和相關的語言學習(相關文章閱讀、商業書信練習、基本文法複習、會話、聽力練習) 將1500～3000常用重要字彙以情境主題方式融入學習課程，幫助學生有效地準備TOEIC、BULATS、GEPT等等的相關英語檢定測驗。 Ready to Go is a course book in English as an International Language (EIL). Packed with authentic examples of workplace English, Ready to Go introduces students to a variety of workplace situations and the language used in these situations, helping students develop the tools they need to communicate successfully. Ready to Go Book includes: 1. A 150-300 words main reading text in each unit 2. A variety of listening and reading samples based on authentic materials and typical of the most common workplace situation

Is the science of moral cognition usefully modelled on aspects of Universal Grammar? Are human beings born with an innate 'moral grammar' that causes them to analyse human action in terms of its moral structure, with just as little awareness as they analyse human speech in terms of its grammatical structure? Questions like these have been at the forefront of moral psychology ever since John Mikhail revived them in his influential work on the linguistic analogy and its implications for jurisprudence and moral theory. In this seminal book, Mikhail offers a careful and sustained analysis of the moral grammar hypothesis, showing how some of John Rawls' original ideas about the linguistic analogy, together with famous thought experiments like the trolley problem, can be used to improve our understanding of moral and legal judgement.

HarperCollins is proud to present its new range of best-loved, essential classics.'I am the Ghost of Christmas Present,' said the Spirit. 'Look upon me!'A celebration of Christmas, a tale of redemption and a critique on Victorian society, Dickens' atmospheric novella follows the miserly, penny-pinching Ebenezer Scrooge who views Christmas as 'humbug'. It is only through a series of eerie, life-changing visits from the ghost of his deceased business partner Marley and the spirits of Christmas past, present and future that he begins to see the error of his ways. With heart-rending characters, rich imagery and evocative language, the message of A Christmas Carol remains as significant today as when it was first published.

Pearson English Kids Readers bring the joy of reading to young learners of English. Children will love discovering the range stories and topics in this series - adventures, fairy tales, popular characters, the world around us. With more than 70 titles across 6 language levels, there is a book to suit every young reader.Find out more at english.com/readers

Someone has a crush on Heidi Heckelbeck! Can she figure out who it is—with a little help from her Book of Spells?The Brewster Science Fair is approaching, and Heidi and Stanley are busy working on their project. But when Heidi finds treats in her cubby and her desk, she realizes that she has a secret admirer! Who can it be? Heidi starts to investigate, and she eventually turns to her Book of Spells for help. Will she discover her admirer’s true identity?With easy-to-read language and illustrations on almost every page, the Heidi Heckelbeck chapter books are perfect for beginning readers.

◎「對外華語文教學研究叢書Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Series」策劃：董鵬程先生／世界華語文教育學會祕書長主編：柯華葳教授／中央大學學習與教學研究所所長◎全球華語文教師的最佳指導書本叢書集結台灣數十位優秀華語文學者專家費時二年完成，充分展現台灣優質華語文教學實力。編選主題涵蓋華語研究和實務教學，其中有以議題為軸的如華語語音

◎「對外華語文教學研究叢書Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Series」策劃：董鵬程先生／世界華語文教育學會祕書長主編：柯華葳教授／中央大學學習與教學研究所所長◎全球華語文教師的最佳指導書本叢書集結台灣數十位優秀華語文學者專家費時二年完成，充分展現台灣優質華語文教學實力。編選主題涵蓋華語研究和實務教學，其中有以議題為軸的如華語語音

*單CD 不附書*Trust the bestselling science series of all time to get down to the facts on global warming, so kids can understand the crisis --and how they can help solve it.Like it or not, global warming is a hot topic that will affect the younger generation more than anyone. So why not turn to the teacher kids love most, Ms. Frizzle! Only the Friz can boil all the hoopla down to the scientific facts in a fun and informative way. With trademark simplicity and wit, Joanna Cole explains why the earth is getting warmer, and Bruce Degen's bright, action-filled illustrations make the science easy to understand and fun to learn. This team brings a new, improved understanding to climate change, engaging kids and empowering all. Teachers will cheer!

See and hear essential Korean vocabulary and build your Korean language skills!Whether you are 5 or 105, this fully illustrated dictionary makes building Korean vocabulary easy, stimulating, and fun. Bringing the 1,400 essential words alive are the vibrant illustrations that will help you remember key terms and phrases. It also includes an MP3 disc that features pronunciation by native speakers of each entry, conveniently organized for quick-access on an iPod. The dictionary contains:Each term illustrated and accompanied by the Korean term and English translation MP3 disk with audio pronunciation of every term in Korean Easy navigation system for quick-access to each term on your iPod, computer, or other MP3 deviceTopics include: Home, At School, At Hospital, People, Transportation, Air Travel, Around Town, Plants & Animals, Food, Leisure & Entertainment, Athletics, At a Restaurant , Equipment & Machinese, Miscellaneous

測驗簡介：第二外語能力測驗（基礎級），英文全名為Second Foreign Language Proficiency Test-Basic（簡稱 SFLPT-Basic），係語言訓練測驗中心為配合教育部第二外語政策及因應國內日、法、德、西語初學者學習成果檢定需求所特別研發的第二外語測驗，測驗成績可作為學習成果檢定、入學甄試及學分抵免等參考。 測驗題型與命題範圍皆針對本國第二外語初學者的特質及需

測驗簡介：第二外語能力測驗（基礎級），英文全名為Second Foreign Language Proficiency Test-Basic（簡稱 SFLPT-Basic），係語言訓練測驗中心為配合教育部第二外語政策及因應國內日、法、德、西語初學者學習成果檢定需求所特別研發的第二外語測驗，測驗成績可作為學習成果檢定、入學甄試及學分抵免等參考。 測驗題型與命題範圍皆針對本國第二外語初學者的特質及需

測驗簡介：第二外語能力測驗（基礎級），英文全名為Second Foreign Language Proficiency Test-Basic（簡稱 SFLPT-Basic），係語言訓練測驗中心為配合教育部第二外語政策及因應國內日、法、德、西語初學者學習成果檢定需求所特別研發的第二外語測驗，測驗成績可作為學習成果檢定、入學甄試及學分抵免等參考。 測驗題型與命題範圍皆針對本國第二外語初學者的特質及需

Advance Praise forGulf Capital & Islamic Finance"With the region's increasing prominence in global capital markets, this timely piece is essential for anyone trying to gather a nuanced understanding of the landscape of Gulf capital and the fast-growing Islamic finance industry and the increased 'Shariah-affinity' of its stakeholders. Brilliantly written and easy to read, Aamir Rehman has leveraged a luminous career as a corporate strategist for the Middle East to put together the comprehensive guide to Gulf capital and Islamic finance."-- S. Nazim Ali, Director, Islamic Finance Project, Harvard Law School"Aamir Rehman has written a lucid and well-researched guide to tapping capital in the Gulf. He is right that appreciating the underpinnings of Shariah-compliant finance is key to understanding the mindset of Muslim investors."-- Samuel L. Hayes III, Jacob Schiff Professor of Investment Banking, Emeritus, Harvard Business School"A timely and useful book on the growing relevance to t

實書長寬：16*7.5（公分）語及釋義達207,000條例證155,000項新詞4,000個同反義詞7,000項超過250項用法說明，詳細講解詞語間的細微區別和正確用法14頁全彩色插頁以圖標顯示3,000個最常用單詞在書面語及口語中的常用程度語言提示(Language Notes)介紹語用學知識僅用2,000個常用詞解釋詞義，更易明白使用頻率圖表顯示詞語及其相關詞組在書面語及口語中的常用程度多頁附

中國首位諾貝爾文學獎被提名人林語堂英譯著作古典詩詞散文精選，深入體悟華文視野亙古智慧 全球最大出版商藍燈書屋（Random House）邀約好書 ◎系列緣起──關於林語堂與英譯作品 本系列書各篇均為林語堂先生自中國古典典籍與小品中選輯菁華，進行英文譯介，在國名家作品對照林語堂的英文名譯，可謂珠聯璧合。語堂先生曾在《古文小品譯英》（The Importance of Understanding）

本系列書各篇均為林語堂先生自中國古典典籍與小品中選輯菁華，進行英文譯介，名家作品對照林語堂的英文名譯，可謂珠聯璧合。語堂先生曾在《古文小品譯英》（The Importance of Understanding）序文說：「我所喜歡的文章…，那些對我有

The ideal language reference, vocabulary builder, andpronunciation tutor--all on your iPod!McGraw-Hill's Italian Student Dictionary for your iPod gives you access to 3,500 essential words and their pronunciations with a mere click. You can look up words in English or in Italian and instantly see its translated counterpart on the iPod screen. Best of all, you don't have to decipher phonetic symbols--you can hear how the words sound right away without any effort. You also have the option to find words by category; this approach mirrors how words are taught in the classroom.Requires 400MB of free space.

Part of the Longman Library of Primary Sources in Philosophy,” this first volume of Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Presentation is framed by a pedagogical structure designed to make this important work of philosophy more accessible and meaningful for readers. A General Introduction includes the work's historical context, a discussion of historical influences, and biographical information on Arthur Schopenhauer. Annotations and notes from the editor clarify difficult passages for greater understanding, and a bibliography gives the reader additional resources for further study.

本書以清楚、結構化的方式，引導初學者認識最核心的繁體中文基礎字，特別適合以英語為母語的學習者。內容精選最常使用的100個漢字，每字獨立成頁，搭配標準漢語拼音與簡明英文釋義，降低初學時的理解門檻。逐步筆順示範與方格書寫練習，幫助歐美學習者熟悉漢字的書寫邏輯與結構比例。書中並延伸相關詞語與片語，協助建立實用詞彙基礎，另附拼音、部首與英漢索引，便於查找與複習，是自學或課堂使用都相當合適的入門工具。為英語背景學習者量身設計每字一頁，清楚建立書寫與辨識基礎收錄500多個延伸詞語，強化實用性The major struggle facing all beginning Chinese language students is to learn to recognize, read and write hundreds of Chinese characters. This book adopt a structural approach that helps students overcome this initial difficulty and quickly master the basic Chinese characters fundamental to this language. Intended for beginning students, The First 100 Chinese Characters: Traditional Character Edition contains carefully selected and sequenced characters for rapid and effective learning. Each Chinese character is shown separately on a single page, along with its English definitions, hanyu pinyin romanization, alternate form, a stroke-order guide and ample writing space.Two indexes--alphabetical by the English meanings and by pinyin romanizationùare

For many people, having a large family isn’t a reasonable option. Fortunately, medical science has ushered in a new era of family balancing where couples can determine their baby's gender. The Revolutionary Science of Sex Selection guides prospective parents step-by-step through the maze of options currently available — from the unpredictable (and now outdated) timing method, to highly effective sperm sorting, to the preimplantation genetic diagnosis, which guarantees accuracy.The author describes the most advanced methodologies in simple lay terms so that they are easily understood. But The Revolutionary Science of Sex Selection does more than explain how the technology works — it prepares the reader for the personal experience of fertility drugs, artificial insemination, and/or in vitro fertilization. A bonus chapter details the added medical benefits of genetic testing, including preimplantation screening for single gene defects like cystic fibrosis, B thalassemia, Tay-Sachs disease

Word by Word Picture Dictionary, Second Edition, by Steven J. Molinsky and Bill Bliss, is the only truly communicative vocabulary development program! This is the new edition of the picture dictionary program famous worldwide for itsease-of-use, lively spirit,andactive conversational approach.Outstanding features of the new edition:The English/Japanese Editionand otherBilingual Editionspresent the second language in blue next to each English word.Vibrant illustrationsandsimple accessible lesson pagesare designed for clarity and ease-of-use with learners at all levels.Word by Wordis the most learner-friendly picture dictionary ― especially for Beginners.More than 4,000 words inan expanded range of topicsprepare students for success using English in everyday life, in the community, in school, and at work.A careful research-based sequence of lessonsintegrates students’ development of grammar and vocabulary skills through topics that begin with the immediate world of the student and progre