實施家禽生產活動（簡體書）

The word poultry applies to all domestic fowl raised for their eggs，meat or both.Poultry includes domestic chickens，turkeys，ducks，geese，guinea fowl，pheasants，quail and pigeons.Domestic chickens by far are the most popular poultry raised today.Poultry productiohas aimportant economic，social and cultural benefit and plays a significant role ifamily nutritioithe developing countries.Poultry contributes to improved humanutritioand food security and is a leading source of high quality proteiithe form of eggs and meat.It serves as a key supplement to revenue from crops and other livestock enterprises.It has a high potential to generate foreigexchange earnings through export of poultry products to neighbouring countries.
Eggs and poultry meat are a substantial contributor irelieving the proteiinsufficiency imany Africacountries.Almost 80% of poultry productioiAfrica is found ithe rural and peri-urbaareas，where birds are raised ismall numbers by the traditional extensive or semi-intensive-low-input-low-output systems.Similarly，village chickeproductioiEthiopia represents a significant part of the national economy igeneral and the rural economy iparticular and contributes about 90% and 92% of the national egg and poultry meat productiorespectively.The low productivity of local birds coupled with the infancy of the mercial sector （only contribute about 10% of the total poultry products） has resulted a low supply of poultry meat and eggs to the nation（Tadelle and Peters，2003） .IEthiopia the annual growth rates iegg and meat outputs were estimated at 1.0% and 2.6% respectively as pared to other Sub-SaharaAfricacountries （5.7% and 6.8%） .The national per capita consumptioof egg is 57 eggs and that of chickemeat is 1.87 kg （Gete et al.，2003）.
With the aim of improving poultry productioand productivity，different exotic breeds of chickens have beeimported and distributed to farmers and small-scale poultry producers by the government and different organizations （Solomon，2008） .However，this sector was faced with lack of improved management and facilities，shortage of feed iterms of quantity and quality，inadequate health program，limited records and information，inaccessible banking and market situation.Furthermore，lack of skilled mapower ithese areas is a real hindrance for the growth of the industry.TVET Training programmes ipoultry management for secondary school graduates cago a long way isupplying these badly needed skills for the various integrated poultry operations.This student textbook is produced by senior instructors of Animal Science Department of Alage and Agarfa Agricultural Technical Vocational Educatioand Training Colleges（ATVET）.The textbook was giveto Deans and Academic vice Deans of the colleges，instructors and professionals working isimilar and related fields of study for further ments and review.Through all these processes and efforts we believed that we have done our best.
The performance of poultry productiocould be increased through the use of improved breeds and management，housing，proper feeding and health care，and appropriate recording system.Thus，the text book is intended to provide adequate informatioothe knowledge and skill to implement poultry productioactivities.

FOREWORD
PREFACE
MODULE 1：IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
1 IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
1．1 Extensive System
1．1．1 Backyard / Village Poultry Production
1．1．2 Range System
1．2 Semi-intensive System
1．2．1 RuSystem
1．2．2 Folding Unit
1．3 Intensive System
1．3．1 Deep Litter System
1．3．2 Wire/Slatted Floor System
1．3．3 Battery Cage System
2 RECOGNIZE MON POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA
2．1 Traditional（Backyard） Type of ProductioSystem
2．2 Commercial Poultry ProductioSystem
2．3 Small Scale Intensive ProductioSystem
3 REMEND SUITABLE AND FEASIBLE POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM
SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS
REFERENCES

MODULE 2：IDENTIFY AND SELECT POULTRY BREED FOR PRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1 IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE MON MERCIAL POULTRYBREEDS
1．1 Layer Breeds
1．1．1 White Egg Layer Breeds
1．1．2 BrowEgg Layer Breeds
1．2 Broiler Breeds
1．2．1 Cornish
1．2．2 New Hampshire
1．2．3 Jersey Giant
1．2．4 Cochin
1．2．5 AA White Chicken
1．2．6 AviaChickens
1．3 Dual Purpose Breeds
1．3．1 Rhode Island Red
1．3．2 Plymouth Rock
1．3．3 Brahma
1．3．4 Wyandotte
1．3．5 Sussex
1．3．6 Orpington
2 LOCAL（INDIGENOUS） CHICKEN BREEDS OF ETHIOPIA
2．1 ProductioPotential of EthiopiaIndigenous Chickens
2．1．1 Egg Production
2．1．2 Meat Production
2．1．3 Cultural Values
2．2 Characterizing Indigenous ChickeBreed of Ethiopia
2．3 Local（Ethiopian） ChickeEcotypes
2．3．1 Farta Chickens
2．3．2 Mandura Chickens
2．3．3 Horro Chickens
2．3．4 Konso Chickens
2．3．5 Sheka Chickens
2．4 General Variations iMorphological Characteristics betweeMales and Females Chickens of Ethiopia
……
MODULE 3：IMPLEMENT POULTRY BREEDING PROGRAM
MODULE 4：PLAN FOR POULTRY HOUSE CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITIES
MODULE 5：FORMULATE RATION FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF POULTRY
MODULE 6：PERFORM HATCHERY OPERATIONS
MODULE 7：UNDERTAKE ROUTINE POULTRY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
MODULE 8：IDENTIFY AND PREVENT MON POULTRY DISEASES
MODULE 9：KEEP POULTRY FARM RECORDS
GLOSSARY
ANSWER KEY