Temporo-Mandibular Joint Disorders and Management

The Temporo-mandibular Joint (TMJ) is a complex ginglymo-arthrodial joint enabling Mastication, Speech, and Swallowing. Disorders affecting this joint and the masticatory muscles are termed Temporo-mandibular Disorders (TMDs), the most common source of Non-dental Orofacial Pain. Symptoms include Joint Pain, Restricted Movement, and Sounds such as Clicking or Crepitation, often with Headaches or Ear discomfort. TMDs affect up to 75% of people, more common in Women. Causes are multifactorial-Occlusal factors, Trauma, Bruxism, Arthritis, and Stress. Diagnosis relies on MRI or CBCT, while treatment emphasizes Conservative, Reversible, Multidisciplinary care, reserving surgery for severe cases.