Passenger Vehicle Energy Consumption and Emissions Inventory: A Route-Based Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This book highlights the critical role of emission inventories in assessing urban air pollution, with a focus on Addis Ababa where vehicle emissions are a major concern. Although a city-specific drive cycle was developed in 2022, it had not been applied to fuel consumption and emission analysis. This study introduces route-based emission inventories and fuel consumption estimates for passenger cars using the Addis Ababa drive cycle and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle, validated through chassis dynamometer experiments. Results show that congested urban driving contributes significantly to pollutants-over half of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, more than one-third of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and fuel use, and nearly one-third of particulate matter. Overall, congested urban and rural routes account for 60-73% of total emissions and fuel consumption. The findings urge policymakers to adopt cleaner technologies, strengthen public transport, and enforce stricter emission standards to reduce vehicular pollution in Addis Ababa.