Principles of Distributed Systems

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 1 MONASTERY SYSTEMS Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: Types of Buddhist Monasteries Lesson Two: Monasteries in the Mainland China Lesson Three: Layout of a Monastery Lesson Four: The Forty-Eight Positions Lesson Five: The Meaning of “Unit” Lesson Six: Monastery Anecdotes Lesson Seven: Buddhist Titles Lesson Eight: Monastery Language Lesson Nine: A Day in Monastery Lesson Ten: The Four Main Halls Lesson Eleven: Mona

◎This book is the first to explain the core principles and training methods of Guangzhou Wing Chun ◎From knowing nothing about Wing Chun to fully mastering the Wooden Dummy training movements and application techniques of Wing Chun. ◎This book serves as the teaching material for the Guangzhou Wing Chun Martial Arts Association, covering 51 core topics, 133 Wooden Dummy techniques, and 16 group movements. ➤ The Wooden Dummy is not just a tool; it is a reflection of the core philosophy and techniques of Wing Chun, as well as a testament to the bond of master and disciple. This book, for the first time in a comprehensive and systematic manner, uses the Wooden Dummy to delve deeply into the core principles and training methods of Guangzhou Wing Chun. Even if you are a beginner with no prior experience in Wing Chun, you will find guidance and confidence here to begin your journey. ➤ Guangzhou Wing Chun primarily consists of two major lineages: the Yuen Kay Shan lineage and the Sum Nung l

The rulers of the Ming dynasty enacted paradigms of hierarchical order. Like imperial families, households, and courts in earlier Chinese dynasties, they articulated patriarchal, patrilineal, and patrilocal organizational principles as exemplars for families and institutions throughout the empire. Women made indispensable contributions to the development of these paradigms and principles and to the social, cultural, and political fabric of the family and the state. And yet, in the existing literature in Chinese and English women are often burdened with stereotypes, positioned as peripheral, or rendered almost invisible. Reading available texts “against the grain,” and drawing on a trove of evidence from material culture, Soulliere shows how women defined a place for themselves in the multigenerational Ming imperial family, imperial household, and court. The Empress and the Dragon Throne spans the first Ming century from just before the founding of the dynasty in 1368 to the end of the

With the increasing number of complaints and court cases relating to healthcare disputes, healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are now facing more challenges and dilemmas in their daily practices. This book is unique in that most chapters are written jointly by two authors: one with legal training and one with a healthcare background. The balanced view offered thus allows readers to gain a thorough understanding of the concepts presented. Although most of the examples and scenarios are specific to medical doctors, the basic principles and ethical considerations as well as the enforcement of laws and regulations are, with some modifications, equally applicable to other HCPs, such as dentists, nurses, midwives, etc. Readers interested in healthcare law and ethics from numerous fields and stages of training, including legal and healthcare practitioners, trainees, postgraduate researchers and undergraduate students, will find this book both informative and practical as an aid to their work and

This collection of selected works by Professor Albert H.Y. Chen shows the contours of the author’s scholarship as it developed over 35 years of his academic career, from 1984 to the present. The essays are divided into three sections which cover the three major domains of Professor Chen’s research. Part I covers the legal developments and controversies of “One Country, Two Systems” since the Hong Kong interpretation on “the right of abode” in 1999 to the anti-extradition movement of 2019. Part II shifts to focus on tradition and modernity in Chinese Law, including China’s Confucian and Legalist traditions and how the socialist legal system in China evolved and modernized in the era of “reform and opening”. Part III examines the transplantation of Western thinking and constitutionalism to East Asia in modern times and discusses the achievements and failures of these efforts. In conjunction with an introductory chapter that sets out the basic orientation and paradigm of these legal and c

Kung Fu has evolved from a traditional means of defence to become a system of attacking and defending oneself, with or without weapons, exercising the body and maintaining good physical and mental health. As such, these practices have found an international following. Yet what has remained a largely unexplored area is the scientific principles behind these martial arts. This book not only covers the brief history of Chinese martial arts, but also brings together the wisdom of a Kung Fu grand master with a scientist and teacher to explain the scientific reasons why Kung Fu is the powerful practice that it is. Using the principles of physics, biomechanics and biology, with a number of drawings showing some basic postures of Kung Fu, the authors present a deep understanding of how the styles, the specific movements and methods of attack and defence operate.

Even though molecular biology has long been a basic tool in biomedical research, scientists still face the question of why certain molecular biology methods are used for certain experiments. To unlock the mystery, one must first understand the principles behind the methods. Unfortunately, very few molecular biology books have successfully provided satisfactory explanations. This book intends to fill this void by offering topics ranging from basic knowledge to the current state of the art in applied molecular biology. The principles and applications related to each technique included in the text are all described in full detail.

The return of Macao from the Portuguese administration to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1999 marks the beginning of its transformation in the 21st century. Macao was confronted with various issues concerning then existing political system, economic downturn and gangland violence during the transition period. Beijing put Macao under the "One country, Two Systems" and implemented a wide variety of measures in order to restore its law and order as well as to recover its tourism dependent economy. Gradually, Macao transformed itself to "Las Vegas of the East". This volume of 18 essays highlights the key dimensions of Macao's remarkable "One country, Two Systems" actualisation experience in its first 15 years, and discusses how Macao transformed and what challenges it encountered during its post-handover transformation. The volume has several focuses. It first investigates the political and electoral issues in a critical manner─ post-handover Macao suffered from maladministratio

The book provides guidelines and practical creative exercises which equip creative-major students in early semesters as well as creative practitioners with fundamental knowledge on creation methods. Combination of functionality, simplicity and aesthetics in modern design is considered a fundamental design principle in the Bauhaus School in Germany,and, inspired by the School, the creative handcrafting exercises and the concepts introduced in this book are primarily coherent with this principle. The book draws a direction between two and three dimensional material-based design and modern digital creation process. The first part of the book introduces various creative handcrafting exerciseson proportion, geometry and modularity, among other fundamental design principles. The creative exercises will sensitise students on aesthetical and structural issues, and thus serve as an essential building block for application of the design principles to computer-based creative processes, which ar

Even though molecular biology has long been a basic tool in biomedical research, scientists still face the question of why certain molecular biology methods are used for certain experiments. To unlock the mystery, one must first understand the principles behind the methods. Unfortunately, very few molecular biology books have successfully provided satisfactory explanations. This book intends to fill this void by offering topics ranging from basic knowledge to the current state of the art in applied molecular biology. The principles and applications related to each technique included in the text are all described in full detail.

Co-authored by Eugene Nida and JIN Di, On Translation was first published in 1984 by the China Translation and Publishing Corporation in Beijing. It is widely recognized as a classic in translation theory with a practical orientation. Following the theoretical framework Nida had developed over decades of work on translation and semiotics, the two authors offer an easily comprehensible analysis of the complex problems involved in translation. After a critical review of the historical development of translation theory in the light of modern information theory, they elucidate the most fundamental principles of translation in accordance with the concept of dynamic equivalence. The treatment is closely related to actual translation practice, and the principles elucidated are applicable to all types of translation, though most of the examples analyzed are taken from translations between Chinese and English. This new and expanded edition has two main parts. Part I is the complete text of th

Throughout the long-term evolution of global capital markets, stock markets, and crypto-asset markets have historically operated as two parallel systems: the former is built upon over a century of institutional accumulation and vast institutional networks, while the latter has thrived within the technological framework of blockchain. Today, with the ongoing implementation and application of new models—such as the tokenization of real world assets (RWAs), stablecoins, crypto-asset ETFs, and digital asset treasury (DAT) companies—the convergence of securities and crypto is emerging as the most disruptive transformation trajectory in capital markets. Traditional securities are stepping into the on-chain world, while native crypto-assets are making their way into the mainstream financial arena through compliant pathways. Capital markets are witnessing a historic convergence characterized by "mutual convergence."  This book presents a comprehensive overview of the convergence of securities

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 5 ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: Types of Devotees Lesson Two: Sangha Community of Noble Harmony Lesson Three: Great Joy For All Lesson Four: Master-Disciple Paradigms Lesson Five: Monastic-Devotee Relations Lesson Six: Management Approaches of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva Lesson Seven: Volunteer Bodhisattva Lesson Eight: Buddhist Organizations and Associations Lesson Nine: Buddhist Symbo

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 6 SPREAD OF BUDDHISM Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: Initial Transmission of Buddhism Lesson Two: Five Schools and Seven Sects of Chan Lesson Three: Protecting the Country and Safeguarding Buddhism Lesson Four: Teachers of Emperors and Kings Lesson Five: Propagation of Buddhism Lesson Six: Releasing Life and Liberating People Lesson Seven: Buddhist Weddings Lesson Eight: Bedside Care Lesson Nine: Hospice Care Les

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 GLOSSARY Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface English-Chinese Glossary Chinese-English Glossary Poems and Verses 作者簡介 About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Venerable Master Hsing Yun (1927–2023) was born in Jiangsu Province, China. He studied at various renowned Buddhist institutions such as Qixia Vinaya College and Jiaoshan Buddhist College. Soon after his arrival in Taiwan in 1949, he became the chief editor of Human Life, a Buddhist maga

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 4 CULTIVATION AND GATHERINGS Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: Taking Refuge in the Triple Gem Lesson Two: Upholding the Five Precepts Lesson Three: Secret Practice and Cultivation Lesson Four: Meritorious Buddhist Rites Lesson Five: Eight Precepts and Abstinence Retreat Lesson Six: The Practice of Letting Go Lesson Seven: Assistive Chanting for the Deceased Lesson Eight: Family Gatherings Lesson Nine: The Dharma G

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 2 MONASTIC PRECEPTS Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: The Newly Aspired to the Path Lesson Two: Renunciation and Liberation Lesson Three: Triple Platform Full Ordination Ceremony Lesson Four: Four Types of Comportment Lesson Five: Five Years of Learning the Precepts Lesson Six: Summer Retreat Lesson Seven: Three Blades and Six Mallets Lesson Eight: Three Robes, Alms Bowl, and Sitting Mat Lesson Nine: Dharma Instrum

內容簡介 The transmission of Buddhism to China gave rise to a uniquely rich and systematic monastic tradition. One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages & Affairs offers an in-depth exploration of this tradition through six themes: Monastery Systems, Monastic Precepts, Temple Undertakings, Cultivation and Gatherings, Organizational Management, and Spread of Buddhism. Drawing from decades of lived experience, it guides readers through the past, present, and evolving future of Chinese Buddhist monasticism. 目錄 VOLUME 3 TEMPLE UNDERTAKINGS Table of Contents About Venerable Master Hsing Yun Translator’s Introduction Preface Lesson One: The Monastery Establishment Lesson Two: Inauguration of Abbotship Lesson Three: Inter-Monastery Relations Lesson Four: Universal Tea Gatherings Lesson Five: Entering and Exiting the Buddha Shrine Lesson Six: Buddhist Etiquette Lesson Seven: Offerings to the Human and Heavenly Realms Lesson Eight: Buddhist Festivals Lesson Nine: Spring and Autumn Memorial Rite

In 1842, the Qing Empire signed a watershed commercial treaty with Great Britain, beginning a century-long period in which geopolitical and global economic entanglements intruded on Qing territory and governance. Previously understood as an era of “semi-colonialism,” Stacie A. Kent reframes this century of intervention by shedding light on the generative force of global capital. Based on extensive research conducted with British and Chinese government archives, Coercive Commerce shows how commercial treaties and the regulatory regime that grew out of them catalyzed a revised arts of governance in Qing-administered China. Capital, which had long been present in Chinese merchants’ pocket-books, came to shape and even govern Chinese statecraft during the “treaty era.” This book contends that Qing administrators alternately resisted and adapted to this new reality, through taxation systems such as transit passes and the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, by reorganizing Chinese territory

Hong Kong and Macau have both been Special Administrative Regions of China since 1999. To this day, however, the two SARs and mainland China have yet to form a cohesive agreement for extradition. Yanhong Yin proposes a theoretical model—the China Arrest Warrant—that fulfils three essential criteria: compliance with the framework of “One Country, Two Systems,” allowance for differences within the three divergent legal systems, and sufficient human rights protection. This model takes direct inspiration from the European Arrest Warrant, which is undergirded by the principle of mutual recognition—the idea that while states may make different decisions on a wide range of matters, results will be accepted as equivalent to decisions made by one’s own state. The success of the European Union’s adoption of mutual recognition across political, economic, and legal situations is instrumental in providing a blueprint for judicial cooperation among mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, and Macau SAR. Th

With an increasing concern of personal data privacy in Hong Kong and around the world, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hong Kong publishes this third edition of Personal Data (Privacy) Law in Hong Kong: A Practical Guide on Compliance to provide practical guidance on the law of privacy, and the ways to protect personal data in everyday life. This third edition will guide readers through the recent developments of personal data privacy in the local, regional and global contexts with updates on recent Administrative Appeals Board and Court decisions, and investigation reports and materials from the PCPD. In addition, some most-concerned issues are discussed, such as ethical development and use of AI, the collection and use of personal data by employers during COVID-19, data protection under work-from-home arrangements, data security measures for ICT systems, guidelines on doxxing offences and data breach handling. This book will certainly provide read

In The New Politics of Beijing–Hong Kong Relations, Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo looks at the diverging changes to the ideologies from both Beijing and Hong Kong, and the ideological conflicts as taken in the form of factional political struggles between 2012 and the present. This book examines the paternalistic authoritarianism that can be seen in Beijing’s policy toward Hong Kong since the promulgation of the national security law in late June 2020. Lo analyzes the ideological shift from liberal nationalism to conservative nationalism in mainland China, which has taken place since late 2012. The increasingly radical localism in Hong Kong after 2014 transformed Beijing–Hong Kong relations into a conflict-ridden situation characterized by factional struggles. While the imposition of the national security law into Hong Kong since late June 2020 has stabilized the city politically, Beijing’s policy toward Hong Kong is now guided by the principles of protecting its national security and mainta

This book embarks on a thorough review of Eastern and Western philosophies of propriety over the past 2,500 years, followed by an investigation of the ideas of propriety found in five key schools of economics: classical, neoclassical, institutional, behavioral, and cultural economics. The author then outlines the core principles and recommended practices for the study and implementation of propriety economics in the future. With its unique mixture of theory, literature reviews, methods, and case studies, this book will be useful not only to economic scholars, but also historians, policy makers, and any reader with an interest in making the economy work better for the benefit of all humankind.

資安攻擊事件日益嚴重，。在進行資訊安全攻擊防護時有許多面向手段，其中軟體漏洞是攻擊的主要手段焦點之一，因此美國國際電腦稽核協會（Information Systems Audit and Control Association, ISACA）的資訊系統稽核人員（Certified Information Systems Auditor, CISA）認證計畫，每年統計最常被利用於攻擊的漏洞排名，並提供緩解措施與防護建議。 本文就CISA揭露的2022年的CISA最常被利用攻擊之漏洞報告進行研析，總結其重要建議，並提出這些建議之緣由與說明，希冀作為我國企業組織在漏洞防護方面的參考。

This book, the first of its kind in Hong Kong, offers insights from experts in healthcare and higher education both locally and further afield. Key learnings and recommendations are presented in three sections: disaster management and reconstruction, including what we can learn from past earthquakes; the importance of healthcare and emergency medicine in disasters and community events; and the way forward, in particular how technology and systems thinking can be used for disaster mitigation.

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR (the “NSL”) promises to be the most important legal development in Hong Kong since the advent of the Basic Law. Many wondered in the aftermath of the NSL how the foundations of Hong Kong’s system might be changed and in what way the freedoms valued by Hong Kong may be affected. Supporters view the law as essential for the preservation of public order and the national security of China and for supporting the fundamental well-being of “One Country, Two Systems”, an arrangement that has been in place since the return of Hong Kong to China. Critics fear an adverse impact on the spirit of “One Country, Two Systems”. From a discussion initiated by the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Law, this collection of essays brings together leading experts on Hong Kong and Chinese law to offer an exploratory study of the NSL and its impact on the legal system and the principle of the rule of law in Hon

Essentials of Contract Drafting and Negotiation for Construction Professionals is a practical and user-friendly guide to common practical contractual matters and is intended for construction professionals involved in contract drafting and negotiating. Knowing how to draft an effective contract is crucial in construction, particularly because of the complex and technical nature of construction projects. Divided into six chapters, this guide will enhance and refresh essential knowledge for lawyers and construction professionals who need to understand the principles of drafting and interpreting construction contracts, how to clearly identify and include key elements in these contracts, as well as how to avoid legal traps and pitfalls in contract negotiations and enforcement.

Promoting All-Round Education for Girls presents the history of Heep Yunn School, one of the oldest girls’ schools in Hong Kong. Amalgamated from two British mission schools founded in the 1880s for destitute girls and daughters of Christian parents, and renamed Heep Yunn School in 1936, the institution has witnessed and responded to the dramatic changes of Hong Kong over the years. By the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, Heep Yunn had expanded to offer a full Chinese middle school course for girls based upon Christian principles of all-round education. The school expanded rapidly after the war and became a bilingual institution to meet the demand for English language education. Eventually English would become the primary medium of instruction soon after the introduction of nine-year universal education in 1978. Heep Yunn strives to provide a full-fledged all-round education in the midst of political and education reforms. The school opted to switch its status from a gove

The academic setting has a significant influence on the well-being of children and teens. Effective school leadership is, therefore, essential in promoting a healthy school environment. This book, the first of its kind in Hong Kong, establishes the kind of leadership a health-promoting school needs to be successful. It explains the steps school leaders should take to promote health, beginning with an explanation of the link between health and education and then moving into a discussion of how schools can be transformed and what sort of leaders are required for such a transformation. These changes can be applied in individual classrooms and schools as well as more broadly across whole education systems. The theoretical healthy school framework outlined in the main text by Dr Robin Cheung, a seasoned scholar-practitioner in the field of school health promotion, is complemented by success stories written from interviews conducted by Dr Cheung’s co-authors, which are included in the suppl

The idea of a right to privacy, which arose in reaction to the rapid rise of newspapers, instant photography and the “paparazzi” of the 19th century, has evolved into a constitutional right in much of the developed world. It is enshrined in Hong Kong through Articles 28, 29, 30 and 39 of the Basic Law. Hong Kong stands proud as the first jurisdiction in Asia to enact legislation to safeguard personal data in the form of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Cap 486 (“the Ordinance”) which came into force in 1996. At its centre are the six Data Protection Principles based on the 1980 OECD Guidelines. The office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data was created under this legislation to provide oversight and ensure compliance. The Octopus scandal in mid-2010 eventually led to substantial changes being made to the Ordinance that were enacted in 2012 and 2013, the main amendments being the Direct Marketing provisions and the provision of legal assistance and representation to aggr

Proportionality is a German, and thus continental European, concept in public law that is applied by both the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The principle specifies that measures adopted by executive authorities should not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to achieve legitimate objectives in the interest of the public. Using a functional comparative approach, this book evaluates the extent to which proportionality has been integrated into the English and Hong Kong judicial systems by comparing case law in these courts with that of the CJEU and the ECtHR. The text also reviews the development of proportionality and presents a topical understanding of why its adoption and application have encountered difficulties, particularly regarding socio-economic rights, in some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Written by a scholar with experience from both within the Hong Kong judici

Chinese medicine has a rich history that has only been made more complex by its integration with `Western' biomedicine. Legitimization of Chinese medicine in biomedicine-dominated health systems, such as that in Hong Kong, has posed significant issues. This anthology of articles explores relevant social issues related to various Chinese medicine treatments, including acupuncture and medicinal oils, as well as insight into practitioner licensing and public perception. Each chapter tackles a topic related to the complicated process of legitimizing knowledge and power within a specific social and historical context. Written by professors and researchers with extensive knowledge of Chinese medicine, government regulation, and sociology, this collection provides an overview of the challenges and current social context of Chinese medicine that affect students and practitioners of Chinese medicine, health and para-health biomedical professionals, and patients alike. Traditional Chinese Me

This book is a self-contained introduction to the fundamental and interesting topics of geometry. The topics covered include the definitions and properties of 2D and 3D shapes, the basic concepts and formulas of perimeter, area and volume, the Pick’s formula, the Cavalieri’s principles, the basic geometric transformations, the concepts of tessellations, the Euler’s polyhedral formula, and the methods of construction of regular polygons and regular polyhedra. Complemented by diagrams, pictures, examples and exercises, the materials covered are suitable for an introductory course on geometry and will appeal to school students, teachers, junior undergraduate students, mathematics instructors or lecturers alike.

The idea of a right to privacy, which arose in reaction to the rapid rise of newspapers, instant photography and the “paparazzi” of the 19th century, has evolved into a constitutional right in much of the developed world. It is enshrined in Hong Kong through Articles 28, 29, 30 and 39 of the Basic Law. Hong Kong stands proud as the first jurisdiction in Asia to enact legislation to safeguard personal data in the form of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Cap 486 (“the Ordinance”) which came into force in 1996. At its centre are the six Data Protection Principles based on the 1980 OECD Guidelines. The office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data was created under this legislation to provide oversight and ensure compliance. The Octopus scandal in mid-2010 eventually led to substantial changes being made to the Ordinance that were enacted in 2012 and 2013, the main amendments being the Direct Marketing provisions and the provision of legal assistance and representation to aggr

At the end of June 2013, Professor Anton MJ COORAY retired from his position at the City University of Hong Kong School of Law after almost twenty-five years of loyal and productive service. During that time, he made a very substantial contribution to the success of the School, as well as to the study and practice of law both within and outside of Hong Kong. This Festschrift has attracted contributions from not only his colleagues, but also a number of world-renowned scholars, who wished to convey through their contributions their enormous respect for his scholarship, leadership and gentlemanly bearing. 'The Rule of Law: a Comparative Perspective' has been chosen the theme of this Festschrift because it is one of the most important topics in the area of constitutional and administrative law, about which Professor COORAY has researched and written extensively. Although the study of the 'rule of law' encompassed a very long list of fundamental legal principles or precepts, the thirteen

The Ivory Tower and the Marble Citadel opens up a new way of pursuing the critical development of political philosophy in today's intercultural intellectual arena. Metzger holds that political philosophies are linguistically unavoidable efforts to infer the principles of morally legitimate government from a maximally enlightened conceptualization of the universal human condition. Because these efforts depend on a vocabulary embodying culturally inherited premises, textual analysis uncovering these premises and debate about how they should be revised are crucial for the improvement of political philosophy.

The R&D activity in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industrial sectors is an important factor in boosting the competitiveness of the European economy, and it stands high on the European political agenda (European Council held in Lisbon, March 2000). As an extension of existing research efforts, IPTS (DG Joint Research Centre, European Commission) has launched a research tender focused on R&D in ICT sectors in India, China and Taiwan, in order to gain a better understanding of major ICT R&D capabilities in that part of the world. The research exercise includes the preparation of three national Country Reports, supported by a Dataset and a Technical Annex for each country. Contract title: “Study on the trends in public and private investments in ICT R&D in China, India and Taiwan, and on the globalization of R&D and the competitiveness of their innovation systems in ICT”. Contract number: 150970-2008 F1SC-HU The contract was awarded by: Institute of Prosp

There are few textbooks or reference works on international trade finance pertaining to Hong Kong. This text covers all the basic concepts of international trade and takes into account actual practices of trade financing in Hong Kong. The book consists of two sections—the Principles Section and the Practical Guide Section. Risks associated with most trade-finance products are discussed. This second edition represents a substantial revision to the first edition first published in 1999. Readers will find this book an update of the adoption of UCP–600 and new practices of the services by ECIC and major trade promotion institutions in Hong Kong. Major differences between Incoterms 2000 and 2010 will also be discussed. The book provides ample and systematic material for the training of practicing bankers, import and export managers, and lawyers. Students of the subject Finance of International Trade of the Associateship Examination of the Hong Kong Institute of Bankers would find this boo

Our world today is troubled by war and conflicts, and leaders are seeking solutions from different sources, and some are turning to the Confucian principles of benevolence, righteousness, priority, and trust for moral guidance. These are simple concepts pertaining to human relationships and personal development. This book is a rendition of selected parts of The Four Books, focusing on the nature and morality of man, the education process, and the perfect personality, and will help the modern reader to appreciate the essence of Confucian wisdom.

Feng Shui practice has become an important reference for the planning and design of buildings, monuments and even entire cities. In fact Feng Shui is an evolved study of the natural and built environment. By utilizing the natural elements and practical environmental changes, we may improve upon our well-being, relationships, prosperity, health and living environment. People in many advanced countries seek to establish a deeper understanding of these relationships between human and natural environment. Architects from around the world also begin to recognize Feng Shui as a broad ecologically and architecturally connected paradigm. To remove the shadow of superstition for Feng Shui practice, it is essential to use a scientific approach in the hope of combining and fusing ancient wisdom with modern knowledge in building science. Scientific Feng Shui has two meanings, namely (1) the verification of Feng Shui principles scientifically and (2) studying Feng Shui logically in a scientific wa