Angola ― Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction

After more than twenty years of devastating civil war, Angola is slowly moving toward peace and reconciliation. In this accessible introduction to one of the most resource-rich countries in Africa, Inge Tvedten traces Angola’s turbulent past, with a particular focus on the impacts that political and economic upheaval have had on the Angolan people. First, Tvedten reviews five centuries of Portuguese colonial rule, which drained Angola’s resources through slavery and exploitation. He then turns to the postindependence period, in which the country became a Cold War staging ground and its attempts to democratize collapsed when the rebel movement UNITA, supported by the United States, took the country back to war after electoral defeat. Tvedten shows how the colonial legacy and decades of war turned Angola into one of the ten poorest in the world, despite considerable oil resources, huge hydroelectric potential, vast and fertile agricultural lands, and some of Africa’s most productive fishing waters. Finally, Tvedten argues that peace and prosperity for Angola are possible but constructive international support will be crucial.

Inge Tvedten is a research fellow at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway.