Systems Engineering Principles for Software Engineers

Composites are used extensively in engineering applications. A constant concern is the effect of foreign object impacts on composite structures because significant damage can occur and yet be undetectable by visual inspection. Such impacts can range from the most ordinary at low velocity - a tool dropped on a product - to the hypervelocity impact of space debris on a spacecraft. This book explains how damage develops during impact, the effect of impact-induced damage on the mechanical behavior of structures, and methods of damage prediction and detection. Numerous examples are included to illustrate these topics. Written for graduate students, as well as researchers and practising engineers working with composite materials, this book presents state-of-the-art knowledge on impact dynamics while requiring only basic understanding of the mechanics of composite materials.

A robot manipulator is a movable chain of links interconnected by joints. One end is fixed to the ground, and a hand or end effector that can move freely in space is attached at the other end. This book begins with an introduction to the subject of robot manipulators. Next, it describes in detail a forward and reverse analysis for serial robot arms. Most of the text focuses on closed form solution techniques applied to a broad range of manipulator geometries, from typical industrial robot designs (relatively simple geometries) to the most complicated case of seven general links serially connected by six revolute joints. A unique feature is its detailed analysis of 6R-P and 7R mechanisms. Case studies show how the techniques described in the book are used in real engineering applications. The book will be useful to both graduate students and engineers working in the field of robotics.

The theory of Gröbner bases, invented by Bruno Buchberger, is a general method by which many fundamental problems in various branches of mathematics and engineering can be solved by structurally simple algorithms. The method is now available in all major mathematical software systems. This book provides a short and easy-to-read account of the theory of Gröbner bases and its applications. It is in two parts, the first consisting of tutorial lectures, beginning with a general introduction. The subject is then developed in a further twelve tutorials, written by leading experts, on the application of Gröbner bases in various fields of mathematics. In the second part are seventeen original research papers on Gröbner bases. An appendix contains the English translations of the original German papers of Bruno Buchberger in which Gröbner bases were introduced.

It is usually the case that scientists examine either ecological systems or social systems, yet the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the problems of environmental management and sustainable development is becoming increasingly obvious. Developed under the auspices of the Beijer Institute in Stockholm, this new book analyses social and ecological linkages in selected ecosystems using an international and interdisciplinary case study approach. The chapters provide detailed information on a variety of management practices for dealing with environmental change. Taken as a whole, the book will contribute to the greater understanding of essential social responses to changes in ecosystems, including the generation, accumulation and transmission of ecological knowledge, structure and dynamics of institutions, and the cultural values underlying these responses. A set of new (or rediscovered) principles for sustainable ecosystem management is also presented. Linking Social and Ecologica

This book provides a detailed introduction to the ergodic theory of equilibrium states giving equal weight to two of its most important applications, namely to equilibrium statistical mechanics on lattices and to (time discrete) dynamical systems. It starts with a chapter on equilibrium states on finite probability spaces which introduces the main examples for the theory on an elementary level. After two chapters on abstract ergodic theory and entropy, equilibrium states and variational principles on compact metric spaces are introduced emphasizing their convex geometric interpretation. Stationary Gibbs measures, large deviations, the Ising model with external field, Markov measures, Sinai-Bowen-Ruelle measures for interval maps and dimension maximal measures for iterated function systems are the topics to which the general theory is applied in the last part of the book. The text is self contained except for some measure theoretic prerequisites which are listed (with references to the

This ground-breaking book distills the experience of the author in dealing with problems in industry that can be solved by using the SELECT Perspective. A pragmatic component-based approach for the development of enterprise systems, the SELECT Perspective comprises a unique blend of techniques, architecture, and process. Enterprise software development presents challenges of sheer scale and complexity that continue to accelerate at a terrific pace. Businesses are becoming increasingly adaptive and are calling for software that is more and more flexible. Component technology holds the promise of solving these problems, but there are some complications. For example, many organizations continue to struggle with the challenge of integrating their legacy systems with the newer technology. The approach in this book offers a streamlined set of modeling techniques based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML); uses a serviced-based architecture that provides an overall design philosophy for reu

Intended for use by senior-level students of mechanical engineering, this text covers primary information necessary for the design of thermal-fluid systems. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of com

The composition of modern semiconductor heterostructures can be controlled precisely on the atomic scale to create low-dimensional systems. These systems have revolutionised semiconductor physics, and their impact on technology, particularly for semiconductor lasers and ultrafast transistors, is widespread and burgeoning. This book provides an introduction to the general principles that underlie low-dimensional semiconductors. As far as possible, simple physical explanations are used, with reference to examples from actual devices. The author shows how, beginning with fundamental results from quantum mechanics and solid-state physics, a formalism can be developed that describes the properties of low-dimensional semiconductor systems. Among numerous examples, two key systems are studied in detail: the two-dimensional electron gas, employed in field-effect transistors, and the quantum well, whose optical properties find application in lasers and other opto-electronic devices. The book in

"With a focus on providing a working knowledge of optical systems and their principles of operation, this book employs today's most important methods for optical analysis: geometrical ray optics, ract

This book is a useful reference for practicing electrical engineers as well as a textbook for a junior/senior or graduate level course in electrical engineering. The authors combine two subjects: devi

Type theory is one of the most important tools in the design of higher-level programming languages, such as ML. This book introduces and teaches its techniques by focusing on one particularly neat system and studying it in detail. In this way, all the key ideas are covered without getting involved in the complications of more advanced systems, but concentrating rather on the principles that make the theory work in practice. This book takes a type-assignment approach to type theory, and the system considered is the simplest polymorphic one. The author covers all the basic ideas, including the system's relation to propositional logic, and gives a careful treatment of the type-checking algorithm which lies at the heart of every such system. Also featured are two other interesting algorithms that have been buried in inaccessible technical literature. The mathematical presentation is rigorous but clear, making the book at a level which can be used as an introduction to type theory for comp

This new and exciting interactive resource centers around fourteen high quality computer simulations covering essential topics in solid state physics. The simulations cover x-ray diffraction, phonons, electron states and dynamics, semiconductors, magnetism, and dislocations. Users can vary different characteristics and immediately see the results in animations and graphical displays. The companion book is essential for effective use of the simulations. It guides the user through hundreds of exercises and examples, illustrates fundamental physical principles, and contains notes on the relevant physics. This paperback (without CD-ROM) is intended for students who have access to the simulations on a local area network. This package provides an interactive resource for those studying solid state physics at advanced undergraduate or graduate level. It will also be of interest and value to researchers in physics, materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineerin

The Art and Science of Optical Design is a comprehensive introduction to lens design, covering the fundamental physical principles and key engineering issues. Several practical examples of modern computer-aided lens design are worked out in detail from start to finish. The basic theory and results of optics are presented early on in the book, along with a discussion of optical materials. Aberrations, and their correction, and image analysis are then covered in great detail. Subsequent chapters deal with design optimisation and tolerance analysis. Several design examples are then given, beginning with basic lens design forms, and progressing to advanced systems, such as gradient index and diffractive optical components. In covering all aspects of optical design, including the use of modern lens design software, this book will be invaluable to students of optical engineering as well as to anyone engaged in optical design at any stage.

The Art and Science of Optical Design is a comprehensive introduction to lens design, covering the fundamental physical principles and key engineering issues. Several practical examples of modern computer-aided lens design are worked out in detail from start to finish. The basic theory and results of optics are presented early on in the book, along with a discussion of optical materials. Aberrations, and their correction, and image analysis are then covered in great detail. Subsequent chapters deal with design optimisation and tolerance analysis. Several design examples are then given, beginning with basic lens design forms, and progressing to advanced systems, such as gradient index and diffractive optical components. In covering all aspects of optical design, including the use of modern lens design software, this book will be invaluable to students of optical engineering as well as to anyone engaged in optical design at any stage.

This 1997 book is a self-contained tutorial on Z, a formal notation for modelling, specifying and designing computer systems and software, for experienced professionals and serious students in programming and software engineering. It presents realistic case studies emphasising safety-critical systems, with examples drawn from embedded controls, real-time and concurrent programming, computer graphics, games, text processing, databases, artificial intelligence, and object-oriented programming. It motivates the use of formal methods and discusses practical issues concerning how to apply them in real projects. It also teaches how to apply formal program derivation and verification to implement Z specifications in real programming languages with examples in C. The book includes exercises with solutions, reference materials, and a guide to further reading.

This is an advanced 1997 text for first-year graduate students in physics and engineering taking a standard classical mechanics course. It was the first book to describe the subject in the context of the language and methods of modern nonlinear dynamics. The organising principle of the text is integrability vs. nonintegrability. Flows in phase space and transformations are introduced early and systematically and are applied throughout the text. The standard integrable problems of elementary physics are analysed from the standpoint of flows, transformations, and integrability. This approach then allows the author to introduce most of the interesting ideas of modern nonlinear dynamics via the most elementary nonintegrable problems of Newtonian mechanics. This text will be of value to physicists and engineers taking graduate courses in classical mechanics. It will also interest specialists in nonlinear dynamics, mathematicians, engineers and system theorists.

This is an advanced 1997 text for first-year graduate students in physics and engineering taking a standard classical mechanics course. It was the first book to describe the subject in the context of the language and methods of modern nonlinear dynamics. The organising principle of the text is integrability vs. nonintegrability. Flows in phase space and transformations are introduced early and systematically and are applied throughout the text. The standard integrable problems of elementary physics are analysed from the standpoint of flows, transformations, and integrability. This approach then allows the author to introduce most of the interesting ideas of modern nonlinear dynamics via the most elementary nonintegrable problems of Newtonian mechanics. This text will be of value to physicists and engineers taking graduate courses in classical mechanics. It will also interest specialists in nonlinear dynamics, mathematicians, engineers and system theorists.

This book presents several key principles for teaching mathematics for understanding that you can use to reflect on your own teaching, make more informed decisions, and develop more effective systems

A key problem in practical image processing is that of detecting certain features in a noisy image. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques can be very effective in such situations, and this book gives a detailed account of the use of ANOVA in statistical image processing. The book begins by describing the statistical representation of images in the various ANOVA models. A number of computationally efficient algorithms and techniques are then presented, to deal with such problems as line, edge and object detection, as well as image restoration and enhancement. By describing the basic principles of these techniques, and showing their use in specific situations, the book will facilitate the design of new algorithms for particular applications. It will be of great interest to graduate students and engineers in the field of image processing and pattern recognition.

Intended for engineers involved in the video, television, computing, and communications industries as well as researchers and students in electronic engineering and computer science. Covers applicatio

Intended for advanced students of building services, this practical book describes the design of air conditioning systems. Readers are assumed to have a knowledge of the basic principles of air condit

How can the Earth become fully industrialised without overwhelming natural systems? This is a book for those who wish to participate more effectively in today's attempts to implement appropriate strategies. The reader will more deeply understand: • recycling - after learning what happens to lead and cadmium in consumer products; • solar energy - after exploring a future based on biomass energy; • chemicals in agriculture - after being introduced to ecotoxicology and the global nitrogen cycle; • industrial innovation - after reading eye-witness accounts of new design principles and management practices on the shop floor; • international cooperation - after confronting conflicting perspectives of authors from several countries. The goal is to empower the citizen activist, the scholar looking for new challenges, the business leader determined to move beyond slogans in achieving the greening of industry, and the educated person everywhere who finds these issues too important to be left to

A text for engineers and applied scientists who want to have a broad understanding of the emerging field of chaos control. Covers the fundamentals of nonlinear dynamical systems, parametric variation

This textbook will be welcomed throughout engineering education as the one-stop teaching text for students of manufacturing. It takes the student through the fundamental principles and practices of mo

This 1996 book is a greatly expanded edition of what has become one of the best known introductions to the principles, techniques and applications of optical holography. Where necessary, existing sections have been updated, and two new chapters have been added. After presenting the theory of holographic imaging and the various types of holograms, practical aspects of holography are then covered, as are the production of holograms for display, colour holography and computer generated holograms. A variety of the applications of holography are then discussed in detail, such as high resolution imaging, information storage and processing, vibration analysis, and holographic interferometry. Containing more than 1000 selected references, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to learn more about optical holography, as well as to established researchers and engineers in this field.

The new edition of this successful and established textbook retains its two original intentions of explaining how to program in the ML language, and teaching the fundamentals of functional programming. The major change is the early and prominent coverage of modules, which are extensively used throughout. In addition, the first chapter has been totally rewritten to make the book more accessible to those without experience of programming languages. The main features of new Standard Library for the revised version of ML are described and many new examples are given, while references have also been updated. Dr Paulson has extensive practical experience of ML and has stressed its use as a tool for software engineering; the book contains many useful pieces of code, which are freely available (via the Internet) from the author. He shows how to use lists, trees, higher-order functions and infinite data structures. Many illustrative and practical examples are included.. Efficient functional imp

In this comprehensive, easy-to-understand book, Chris Tocci and Steve Adams show how real-world engineering problems can be solved using MAPLE as the principal tool. The authors go well beyond providi

Cell therapy is a rapidly developing area, drawing on cell biology, molecular biology, virology, immunology, cell quantitation techniques and biomedical engineering. It has potential in many clinical settings, in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. This volume in the series Cancer: Clinical Science in Practice examines the current state and future prospects of cell therapy, which seems likely to have an even more profound impact on health care than did the production of proteins by recombinant DNA technology. The coverage is broad, including the scientific principles of haematopoietic cell therapy, the technology of cell collection and preparation, current and likely future clinical applications of cell therapy, and the principles and practice of cellular immunotherapy. Up-to-date and authoritative, volumes in this series are intended for a wide audience of clinicians and researchers with an interest in the applications of biomedical science to the understanding and management

Modern technology depends on materials with precisely controlled properties. Ion beams are a favoured method to achieve controlled modification of surface and near-surface regions. In every integrated circuit production line, for example, there are ion implantation systems. In addition to integrated circuit technology, ion beams are used to modify the mechanical, tribological and chemical properties of metal, intermetallic and ceramic materials without altering their bulk properties. Ion–solid interactions are the foundation that underlies the broad application of ion beams to the modification of materials. This text is designed to cover the fundamentals and applications of ion–solid interactions and is aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in electronic devices, surface engineering, reactor and nuclear engineering and material science issues associated with metastable phase synthesis.

This book is the first to give a comprehensive review of the theory, fabrication, characterisation, and device applications of abrupt, shallow, and narrow doping profiles in semiconductors. Such doping profiles are a key element in the development of modern semiconductor technology. After an introductory chapter setting out the basic theoretical and experimental concepts involved, the fabrication of abrupt and narrow doping profiles by several different techniques, including epitaxial growth, is discussed. The techniques for characterising doping distributions are then presented, followed by several chapters devoted to the inherent physical properties of narrow doping profiles. The latter part of the book deals with specific devices. The book will be of great interest to graduate students, researchers and engineers in the fields of semiconductor physics and microelectronic engineering.

Automatic control systems have become essential features in virtually every area of technology, from machine tools to aerospace vehicles. This book is a comprehensive, clearly written introduction to automatic control engineering. The author begins with the fundamentals of modelling mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems in the state variable format. The emphasis is on classical feedback control theory and design, and their application to practical electromechanical and aerospace problems. Following a careful grounding in classical control theory, the author introduces modern control theory, including digital control and nonlinear system analysis. Over 230 problems help the reader apply principles discussed in the text to practical engineering situations. Engineering students and practising engineers will find all they need to know about control system analysis and design in this valuable text.

This textbook presents a modern account of turbulence, one of the greatest challenges in physics. The state-of-the-art is put into historical perspective five centuries after the first studies of Leonardo and half a century after the first attempt by A. N. Kolmogorov to predict the properties of flow at very high Reynolds numbers. Such 'fully developed turbulence' is ubiquitous in both cosmical and natural environments, in engineering applications and in everyday life. The intended readership for the book ranges from first-year graduate students in mathematics, physics, astrophysics, geosciences and engineering, to professional scientists and engineers. Elementary presentations of dynamical systems ideas, of probabilistic methods (including the theory of large deviations) and of fractal geometry make this a self-contained textbook.

This textbook presents a modern account of turbulence, one of the greatest challenges in physics. The state-of-the-art is put into historical perspective five centuries after the first studies of Leonardo and half a century after the first attempt by A. N. Kolmogorov to predict the properties of flow at very high Reynolds numbers. Such 'fully developed turbulence' is ubiquitous in both cosmical and natural environments, in engineering applications and in everyday life. The intended readership for the book ranges from first-year graduate students in mathematics, physics, astrophysics, geosciences and engineering, to professional scientists and engineers. Elementary presentations of dynamical systems ideas, of probabilistic methods (including the theory of large deviations) and of fractal geometry make this a self-contained textbook.

This is the completely updated revision of the highly regarded book Exploration Seismology. Available now in one volume, this textbook provides a complete and systematic discussion of exploration seismology. The first part of the book looks at the history of exploration seismology and the theory - developed from the first principles of physics. All aspects of seismic acquisition are then described. The second part of the book goes on to discuss data-processing and interpretation. Applications of seismic exploration to groundwater, environmental and reservoir geophysics are also included. The book is designed to give a comprehensive up-to-date picture of the applications of seismology. Exploration Seismology's comprehensiveness makes it suitable as a text for undergraduate courses for geologists, geophysicists and engineers, as well as a guide and reference work for practising professionals.

This book presents the integrated contributions of hydrologists, meteorologists and ecologists to the first IHP/IAHS George Kovacs Colloquium in connection with the study of global hydrology and climate change. The atmospherical, hydrological and terrestrial components of the Earth's systems operate on different time and space scales. Resolving these scaling incongruities, as well as understanding and modelling the complex interaction of land surface processes at the different scales, represent a major challenge for hydrologists, ecologists and meteorological scientists alike. This book deals with time and space scale variations with reference to several topics including: soil water balance; ecosystems and interaction of flow systems; and macroscale hydrological modelling. This book will be of great use to researchers, engineers and forecasters with an interest in space and time scale variability.

Describes principles of systems engineering and project management using scenarios set in the fictitious company, Federated Aerospace, to illustrate models and methodologies in systems engineering and

This book explores the many engineering and architectural aspects of submarine design and how they relate to each other and the operational performance required of the vessel. Concepts of hydrodynamics, structure, powering and dynamics are explained, in addition to architectural considerations which bear on the submarine design process. The interplay between these aspects of design is given particular attention, and a final chapter is devoted to the generation of the concept design for the submarine as a whole. Submarine design makes extensive use of computer aids, and examples of algorithms used in concept design are given. The emphasis in the book is on providing engineering insight as well as an understanding of the intricacies of the submarine design process. It will serve as a text for students and as a reference manual for practising engineers and designers.

Flood introduces a dynamic new problem solving system called Total Systems Intervention (TSI). He provides a clear understanding of TSI in terms of its philosophy, principles and process, explaining w

This book is an up-to-date introduction to the quantum theory of measurement, a fast developing field of intense current interest to scientists and engineers for its potential high technology applications. It is also a subject of importance to students for its central role in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Although the main principles of the field were elaborated in the 1930s by Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, von Neumann and Mandelstam, it was not until the 1980s that technology became sufficiently advanced to allow its application in real experiments. Quantum measurement is now central to many ultra-high technology developments, such as squeezed light, single atom traps, and searches for gravitational radiation. It is also considered to have great promise for computer science and engineering, particularly for its applications in information processing and transfer. The book contains a pedagogical introduction to the relevant theory written at a level accessible to those with on

This book is a tool for the theoretical and numerical investigation of nonlinear dynamical systems modelled by means of ordinary differential and difference equations. The work is divided into two parts: a book, comprising a theoretical overview of the subject matter and a number of applications; and an integrated software program. Although the emphasis is laid on dynamical systems arising from economic motivation, and the applications are derived from these systems, both the text and the program will also be of use to researchers in other fields of study. The book first discusses the fundamental concepts and methods of chaos theory, and then applies these theoretical results and the facilities provided by the companion software program to models suggested by economic problems.